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  "author": null,
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  "code": "7b.b.hd",
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  "code": "7b.b.hd",
            
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  "contributor": "NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research",
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  "contributor": "NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research",
            
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  "creator_user_id": "24237d57-222e-49f2-be7e-bb15bf87c977",
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  "creators": "",
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  "creators": "",
            
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  "dataset_persistent_id": "DOI:10.33591/nioz/7b.b.hd",
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  "dataset_persistent_id": "DOI:10.33591/nioz/7b.b.hd",
            
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  "deposit_date": "2022-09-24",
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  "deposit_date": "2022-09-24",
            
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  "depositor": "Jaap Damste",
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  "depositor": "Jaap Damste",
            
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  "distribution_date": "2022-09-24",
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  "distribution_date": "2022-09-24",
            
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
            
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Institute for Sea Research)",
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Institute for Sea Research)",
            
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  "doi_date_published": "2022-09-24",
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  "doi_date_published": "2022-09-24",
            
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  "funding_references": 
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  "funding_references": 
            
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rdnumber\":\"226600\",\"awardtitle\":\"PACEMAKER\",\"formatted\":\"ERC 
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rdnumber\":\"226600\",\"awardtitle\":\"PACEMAKER\",\"formatted\":\"ERC 
            
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- 226600 - PACEMAKER\"},{\"name\":\"Dutch Ministry for Education, 
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- 226600 - PACEMAKER\"},{\"name\":\"Dutch Ministry for Education, 
            
18
Culture and 
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Culture and 
            
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Science\",\"awardnumber\":\"024.002.001\",\"awardtitle\":\"NESSC 
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Science\",\"awardnumber\":\"024.002.001\",\"awardtitle\":\"NESSC 
            
20
(Netherlands Earth System Science Centre)\",\"formatted\":\"Dutch 
20
(Netherlands Earth System Science Centre)\",\"formatted\":\"Dutch 
            
21
Ministry for Education, Culture and Science - 024.002.001 - NESSC 
21
Ministry for Education, Culture and Science - 024.002.001 - NESSC 
            
22
(Netherlands Earth System Science Centre)\"},{\"name\":\"European 
22
(Netherlands Earth System Science Centre)\"},{\"name\":\"European 
            
23
Union\u02b9s 7th Framework Programme (FP/2007\u20132013) 
23
Union\u02b9s 7th Framework Programme (FP/2007\u20132013) 
            
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\",\"awardnumber\":\"217246\",\"awardtitle\":\"BONUS\"}]",
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\",\"awardnumber\":\"217246\",\"awardtitle\":\"BONUS\"}]",
            
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  "geographic_coverage": "[{\"place\":\"Baltic Sea and 
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  "geographic_coverage": "[{\"place\":\"Baltic Sea and 
            
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"longitude_1\":\"54\",\"longitude_2\":\"13\",\"latitude_1\":\"27\"}]",
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"longitude_1\":\"54\",\"longitude_2\":\"13\",\"latitude_1\":\"27\"}]",
            
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  "metadata_created": "2024-10-22T11:47:32.678753",
            
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  "metadata_modified": "2024-10-22T11:47:33.090259",
            
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  "name": "7bbhd",
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  "name": "7bbhd",
            
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  "notes": "Hydroxylated glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers 
36
  "notes": "Hydroxylated glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers 
            
37
(OH-GDGTs) produced by both marine and freshwater thaumarchaea are 
37
(OH-GDGTs) produced by both marine and freshwater thaumarchaea are 
            
38
increasingly used for the reconstruction of past sea surface 
38
increasingly used for the reconstruction of past sea surface 
            
39
temperature (SST). They occur throughout the modern Baltic Sea, but it 
39
temperature (SST). They occur throughout the modern Baltic Sea, but it 
            
40
is unknown if their OH-GDGTs can be used for assessing past SST in 
40
is unknown if their OH-GDGTs can be used for assessing past SST in 
            
41
this area, where salinity has changed considerably over the Holocene. 
41
this area, where salinity has changed considerably over the Holocene. 
            
42
Three commonly applied OH-GDGT proxies for SST reconstruction, i.e., 
42
Three commonly applied OH-GDGT proxies for SST reconstruction, i.e., 
            
43
the OH-GDGT%, RI-OH, and RI-OH\u00b4 indices, were tested using a 
43
the OH-GDGT%, RI-OH, and RI-OH\u00b4 indices, were tested using a 
            
44
Thaumarchaeotal culture enriched from the Baltic Sea grown at 4 and 
44
Thaumarchaeotal culture enriched from the Baltic Sea grown at 4 and 
            
45
22\u00b0C, and 12 surface sediments from the Baltic Sea and the 
45
22\u00b0C, and 12 surface sediments from the Baltic Sea and the 
            
46
adjacent Skagerrak. In the culture experiments all three proxies 
46
adjacent Skagerrak. In the culture experiments all three proxies 
            
47
showed the expected response with the rise of temperature, but their 
47
showed the expected response with the rise of temperature, but their 
            
48
absolute values were not always in line with existing marine core top 
48
absolute values were not always in line with existing marine core top 
            
49
calibrations, especially for the OH-GDGT% index. Of the two proxies 
49
calibrations, especially for the OH-GDGT% index. Of the two proxies 
            
50
based on the distribution of OH-GDGTs, the RI-OH index shows no 
50
based on the distribution of OH-GDGTs, the RI-OH index shows no 
            
51
increase with increasing mean annual SST, whilst the RI-OH\u00b4 index 
51
increase with increasing mean annual SST, whilst the RI-OH\u00b4 index 
            
52
shows only a linear correlation with SST when the sediments from the 
52
shows only a linear correlation with SST when the sediments from the 
            
53
Bothnian Sea and Bay area, with a reduced salinity and increased 
53
Bothnian Sea and Bay area, with a reduced salinity and increased 
            
54
lateral sediment influx, are omitted from the dataset. Two sedimentary 
54
lateral sediment influx, are omitted from the dataset. Two sedimentary 
            
55
Holocene records from the Arkona and Gotland basins were studied, the 
55
Holocene records from the Arkona and Gotland basins were studied, the 
            
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latter in high resolution. In the brackish phase of the Baltic Sea 
56
latter in high resolution. In the brackish phase of the Baltic Sea 
            
57
(the Littorina Sea stage), the RI-OH\u00b4 index shows a good 
57
(the Littorina Sea stage), the RI-OH\u00b4 index shows a good 
            
58
correlation with the TEX_86^( L), an established temperature proxy in 
58
correlation with the TEX_86^( L), an established temperature proxy in 
            
59
the Baltic Sea, and can be used to identify important climatic events. 
59
the Baltic Sea, and can be used to identify important climatic events. 
            
60
However, during the preceding Ancylus Lake phase the RI-OH\u00b4 (and 
60
However, during the preceding Ancylus Lake phase the RI-OH\u00b4 (and 
            
61
RI-OH) index records far too high values, resulting in anomalously 
61
RI-OH) index records far too high values, resulting in anomalously 
            
62
high SST estimates. This is probably because freshwater thaumarchaea 
62
high SST estimates. This is probably because freshwater thaumarchaea 
            
63
adjust their OH-GDGTs differently, as has been shown for thaumarchaea 
63
adjust their OH-GDGTs differently, as has been shown for thaumarchaea 
            
64
in Lake Lugano\u2019s water column. In the Littorina Sea, the Ancylus 
64
in Lake Lugano\u2019s water column. In the Littorina Sea, the Ancylus 
            
65
Lake and the Yoldia Lake phases of the Baltic basin, the record of the 
65
Lake and the Yoldia Lake phases of the Baltic basin, the record of the 
            
66
RI-OH\u00b4 index, thus, most likely reflects both changes in 
66
RI-OH\u00b4 index, thus, most likely reflects both changes in 
            
67
temperature and salinity. Overall, our study indicates that a reduced 
67
temperature and salinity. Overall, our study indicates that a reduced 
            
68
salinity increases the values of the RI-OH\u00b4 (and RI-OH) indices 
68
salinity increases the values of the RI-OH\u00b4 (and RI-OH) indices 
            
69
substantially and this should be considered when applying these 
69
substantially and this should be considered when applying these 
            
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proxies in other settings.",
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proxies in other settings.",
            
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  "tags": [
            
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    {
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  "title": "Jaap Sinninghe Damste",
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}