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  "author": "Linda A. Amaral-Zettler (Royal Netherlands Institute for 
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  "author": "Linda A. Amaral-Zettler (Royal Netherlands Institute for 
            
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Sea Research)",
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Sea Research)",
            
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  "author_email": "linda.amaral-zettler@nioz.nl",
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  "author_email": "linda.amaral-zettler@nioz.nl",
            
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  "code": "7b.b.hk",
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  "code": "7b.b.hk",
            
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  "contributor": "Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research 
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  "contributor": "Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research 
            
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(NIOZ)",
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(NIOZ)",
            
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
            
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Stanca - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
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Stanca - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
            
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
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Kulkarni - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
            
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ndingauthor\":null,\"contactemailaddress\":null,\"formatted\":\"Ramani 
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ndingauthor\":null,\"contactemailaddress\":null,\"formatted\":\"Ramani 
            
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Narayan - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
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Narayan - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
            
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
            
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dingauthor\":null,\"contactemailaddress\":null,\"formatted\":\"Nikolai 
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dingauthor\":null,\"contactemailaddress\":null,\"formatted\":\"Nikolai 
            
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Matviiets - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
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Matviiets - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
            
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\"},{\"firstname\":\"Erik 
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\"},{\"firstname\":\"Erik 
            
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:\"Zettler\",\"orcid\":\"0000-0002-9266-1142\",\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
            
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
            
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pondingauthor\":null,\"contactemailaddress\":null,\"formatted\":\"Erik 
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pondingauthor\":null,\"contactemailaddress\":null,\"formatted\":\"Erik 
            
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R. Zettler - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
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R. Zettler - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
            
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0000-0002-9266-1142\"},{\"firstname\":\"Linda 
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0000-0002-9266-1142\"},{\"firstname\":\"Linda 
            
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al-Zettler\",\"orcid\":\"0000-0003-0807-4744\",\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
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al-Zettler\",\"orcid\":\"0000-0003-0807-4744\",\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
            
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
            
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temailaddress\":\"linda.amaral-zettler@nioz.nl\",\"formatted\":\"Linda 
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temailaddress\":\"linda.amaral-zettler@nioz.nl\",\"formatted\":\"Linda 
            
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A. Amaral-Zettler - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - 
37
A. Amaral-Zettler - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - 
            
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ORCID: 0000-0003-0807-4744 - Corresponding Author - 
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ORCID: 0000-0003-0807-4744 - Corresponding Author - 
            
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linda.amaral-zettler@nioz.nl\"}]",
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linda.amaral-zettler@nioz.nl\"}]",
            
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  "deposit_date": "2026-01-16",
            
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  "depositor": "Ioana Stanca (ioana.stanca@nioz.nl)",
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  "distribution_date": "2026-01-16",
            
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
            
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Institute for Sea Research)",
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Institute for Sea Research)",
            
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  "doi_date_published": "2026-05-13T09:56:44.4240246",
            
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  "metadata_modified": "2026-05-13T07:57:15.102291",
            
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  "name": 
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  "name": 
            
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dable-polymers-under-realistic-temperatures-in-the-marine-e-00000001",
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dable-polymers-under-realistic-temperatures-in-the-marine-environmen",
            
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  "notes": "Temperature holds the key towards evaluating the lifetime 
60
  "notes": "Temperature holds the key towards evaluating the lifetime 
            
60
of plastic waste and understanding the long-term persistence of 
61
of plastic waste and understanding the long-term persistence of 
            
61
plastic in aquatic environments. Natural environmental conditions 
62
plastic in aquatic environments. Natural environmental conditions 
            
62
often provide less optimal temperatures for biodegradation compared to 
63
often provide less optimal temperatures for biodegradation compared to 
            
63
laboratory standard tests. In this study, we measured the CO2 
64
laboratory standard tests. In this study, we measured the CO2 
            
64
evolution in natural seawater for 63 days on PHBV, PHBH, and cellulose 
65
evolution in natural seawater for 63 days on PHBV, PHBH, and cellulose 
            
65
film (biodegradable cellophane) substrates at 10.0 \u2103, 20.0 \u2103 
66
film (biodegradable cellophane) substrates at 10.0 \u2103, 20.0 \u2103 
            
66
and 30.0 \u2103. The empirical data collected was used to model 
67
and 30.0 \u2103. The empirical data collected was used to model 
            
67
polymer behavior by applying the reparametrized Arrhenius equation to 
68
polymer behavior by applying the reparametrized Arrhenius equation to 
            
68
obtain lifetime estimations at the tested temperatures but also at the 
69
obtain lifetime estimations at the tested temperatures but also at the 
            
69
average ocean temperature (4.0 \u2103). Our empirical data showed 
70
average ocean temperature (4.0 \u2103). Our empirical data showed 
            
70
similar values to the estimations within the measured temperature and 
71
similar values to the estimations within the measured temperature and 
            
71
time ranges. Notably, at 4.0 \u2103 we found that PHBH has the 
72
time ranges. Notably, at 4.0 \u2103 we found that PHBH has the 
            
72
potential to biodegrade faster than PHBV by reaching 90% 
73
potential to biodegrade faster than PHBV by reaching 90% 
            
73
biodegradation in 172 days. This study validates the use of the 
74
biodegradation in 172 days. This study validates the use of the 
            
74
Arrhenius equation approach to polymer behavior modelling for use in 
75
Arrhenius equation approach to polymer behavior modelling for use in 
            
75
the marine environment and offers insights into the biodegradation 
76
the marine environment and offers insights into the biodegradation 
            
76
rates of materials at a range of temperatures consistent with marine 
77
rates of materials at a range of temperatures consistent with marine 
            
77
environments without the need to perform long-term incubation 
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environments without the need to perform long-term incubation 
            
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experiments.",
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experiments.",
            
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  "state": "active",
            
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  "subject": "Earth and Environmental Sciences",
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  "subject": "Earth and Environmental Sciences",
            
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  "tags": [
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  "tags": [
            
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    {
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    {
            
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      "display_name": "arrhenius equation",
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      "display_name": "arrhenius equation",
            
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      "display_name": "marine biodegradation",
            
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      "id": "accebe81-f1bf-4fa1-ba7f-3e19f6af27b7",
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      "id": "accebe81-f1bf-4fa1-ba7f-3e19f6af27b7",
            
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      "name": "marine biodegradation",
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      "name": "marine biodegradation",
            
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    },
            
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    {
            
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      "display_name": "temperature impact",
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      "display_name": "temperature impact",
            
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      "id": "789719f0-39eb-4813-ac9e-cbbb6d494dcf",
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      "id": "789719f0-39eb-4813-ac9e-cbbb6d494dcf",
            
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      "name": "temperature impact",
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      "name": "temperature impact",
            
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      "vocabulary_id": null
            
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    }
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    }
            
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  ],
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  ],
            
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  "title": "Lifetime estimations of biodegradable polymers under 
157
  "title": "Lifetime estimations of biodegradable polymers under 
            
156
realistic temperatures in the marine environment script; data and 
158
realistic temperatures in the marine environment script; data and 
            
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results",
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results",
            
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  "url": "https://doi.org/10.25850/nioz/7b.b.hk"
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  "url": "https://doi.org/10.25850/nioz/7b.b.hk",
            
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  "version": "1"
            
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}
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}