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  "code": "7b.b.2d",
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  "code": "7b.b.2d",
            
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  "contributor": "NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research",
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  "contributor": "NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research",
            
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  "creators": "[{\"firstname\":\"Clea\",\"lastname\":\"van de 
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  "creators": "[{\"firstname\":\"Clea\",\"lastname\":\"van de 
            
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id\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-9929\",\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
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id\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-9929\",\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
            
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
            
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  "dataset_persistent_id": "DOI:10.33591/nioz/7b.b.2d",
            
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  "deposit_date": "2023-02-01",
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  "deposit_date": "2023-02-01",
            
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  "depositor": "Clea Ven van de",
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  "depositor": "Clea Ven van de",
            
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  "distribution_date": "2023-02-01",
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  "distribution_date": "2023-02-01",
            
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
            
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Institute for Sea Research)",
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Institute for Sea Research)",
            
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  "doi_date_published": "2023-02-03",
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  "doi_date_published": "2023-02-03",
            
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  "geographic_coverage": "[{\"place\":\"NW 
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  "geographic_coverage": "[{\"place\":\"NW 
            
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null,\"longitude_1\":null,\"longitude_2\":null,\"latitude_1\":null}]",
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  "name": "7bb2d",
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  "name": "7bb2d",
            
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  "notes": "1.\tVegetated coastal ecosystems such as salt marshes, 
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  "notes": "1.\tVegetated coastal ecosystems such as salt marshes, 
            
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dunes and seagrass meadows occur at the land-sea interface \u2013 a 
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dunes and seagrass meadows occur at the land-sea interface \u2013 a 
            
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dynamic environment typified by harsh growing conditions. These 
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dynamic environment typified by harsh growing conditions. These 
            
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ecosystems are known as biogeomorphic landscapes because their 
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ecosystems are known as biogeomorphic landscapes because their 
            
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functioning depends on biophysical interactions by which organisms 
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functioning depends on biophysical interactions by which organisms 
            
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engineer landforms to their own benefit. The strength of such 
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engineer landforms to their own benefit. The strength of such 
            
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biogeomorphic feedbacks depends on plant traits, such as stem 
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biogeomorphic feedbacks depends on plant traits, such as stem 
            
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flexibility and shoot density. \n2.\tRecent work demonstrated that 
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flexibility and shoot density. \n2.\tRecent work demonstrated that 
            
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dune grasses with similar morphological traits can build contrasting 
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dune grasses with similar morphological traits can build contrasting 
            
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landscapes due to differences in their spatial shoot organization. 
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landscapes due to differences in their spatial shoot organization. 
            
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However, in contrast to dune grasses that trap and stabilize sand 
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However, in contrast to dune grasses that trap and stabilize sand 
            
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particles in aeolian landscapes, flow attenuation in aquatic 
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particles in aeolian landscapes, flow attenuation in aquatic 
            
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environments can generate scouring around plant stems and cause 
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environments can generate scouring around plant stems and cause 
            
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uprooting, leading to establishment thresholds for young 
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uprooting, leading to establishment thresholds for young 
            
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plants.\n3.\tYet, it remains unknown how findings from aeolian 
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plants.\n3.\tYet, it remains unknown how findings from aeolian 
            
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landscapes translate to aquatic systems and how young clonally 
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landscapes translate to aquatic systems and how young clonally 
            
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expanding plants in hydrodynamically exposed conditions overcome these 
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expanding plants in hydrodynamically exposed conditions overcome these 
            
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establishment thresholds by optimizing shoot placement. \n4.\tHere, we 
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establishment thresholds by optimizing shoot placement. \n4.\tHere, we 
            
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measured shoot patterns of 90 establishing cordgrass patches (Spartina 
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measured shoot patterns of 90 establishing cordgrass patches (Spartina 
            
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anglica) at 18 European field sites that cover a broad range of 
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anglica) at 18 European field sites that cover a broad range of 
            
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hydrodynamic conditions. Next, we carried out a field experiment to 
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hydrodynamic conditions. Next, we carried out a field experiment to 
            
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investigate how observed spatial shoot patterns affect plant-sediment 
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investigate how observed spatial shoot patterns affect plant-sediment 
            
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feedbacks. \n5.\tSurprisingly, field survey analyses reveal highly 
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feedbacks. \n5.\tSurprisingly, field survey analyses reveal highly 
            
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consistent clustered shoot patterns, regardless of environmental 
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consistent clustered shoot patterns, regardless of environmental 
            
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conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that this clustered 
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conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that this clustered 
            
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pattern minimizes scouring compared to densely clumped organizations 
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pattern minimizes scouring compared to densely clumped organizations 
            
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typically observed in established patches.\n6.\tSynthesis. In contrast 
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typically observed in established patches.\n6.\tSynthesis. In contrast 
            
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to earlier findings highlighting that establishing dune grasses 
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to earlier findings highlighting that establishing dune grasses 
            
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optimize their landscape engineering capacity via a flexible shoot 
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optimize their landscape engineering capacity via a flexible shoot 
            
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placement strategy, we find that cordgrass instead follows a fixed 
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placement strategy, we find that cordgrass instead follows a fixed 
            
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strategy that minimizes engineering effects in its early life stages. 
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strategy that minimizes engineering effects in its early life stages. 
            
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We suggest that marsh grasses avoid physical stress and associated 
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We suggest that marsh grasses avoid physical stress and associated 
            
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establishment thresholds in their early life stage, and switch to an 
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establishment thresholds in their early life stage, and switch to an 
            
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ecosystem engineering strategy once established. These findings shed 
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ecosystem engineering strategy once established. These findings shed 
            
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new light on how plant traits interact with their environment to shape 
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new light on how plant traits interact with their environment to shape 
            
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the landscape and pave the way for improved restoration designs by 
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the landscape and pave the way for improved restoration designs by 
            
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mimicking the natural shoot organization of establishing vegetation.",
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mimicking the natural shoot organization of establishing vegetation.",
            
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  "tags": [
            
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    {
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    {
            
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      "display_name": "Vegetated coastal ecosystems Salt marshes 
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      "display_name": "Vegetated coastal ecosystems Salt marshes 
            
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Clonal expansion strategy  Shoot organisation  Establishm",
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Clonal expansion strategy  Shoot organisation  Establishm",
            
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      "name": "Vegetated coastal ecosystems Salt marshes Clonal 
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      "name": "Vegetated coastal ecosystems Salt marshes Clonal 
            
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expansion strategy  Shoot organisation  Establishm",
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expansion strategy  Shoot organisation  Establishm",
            
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shoots to avoid ecosystem engineering",
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shoots to avoid ecosystem engineering",
            
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