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  "code": "7b.b.2d",
            
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  "contributor": "NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research",
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  "contributor": "NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research",
            
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  "creators": "[{\"firstname\":\"Clea\",\"lastname\":\"van de 
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  "creators": "[{\"firstname\":\"Clea\",\"lastname\":\"van de 
            
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id\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-9929\",\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
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id\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9127-9929\",\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
            
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
            
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gauthor\":true,\"contactemailaddress\":\"clea.van.de.ven@nioz.nl\"}]",
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gauthor\":true,\"contactemailaddress\":\"clea.van.de.ven@nioz.nl\"}]",
            
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  "deposit_date": "2023-02-01",
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  "deposit_date": "2023-02-01",
            
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  "depositor": "Clea Ven van de",
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  "depositor": "Clea Ven van de",
            
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  "distribution_date": "2023-02-01",
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  "distribution_date": "2023-02-01",
            
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
            
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Institute for Sea Research)",
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Institute for Sea Research)",
            
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  "doi_date_published": "2023-02-03",
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  "doi_date_published": "2023-02-03",
            
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  "name": "7bb2d",
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  "name": "7bb2d",
            
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  "notes": "1.\tVegetated coastal ecosystems such as salt marshes, 
30
  "notes": "1.\tVegetated coastal ecosystems such as salt marshes, 
            
31
dunes and seagrass meadows occur at the land-sea interface \u2013 a 
31
dunes and seagrass meadows occur at the land-sea interface \u2013 a 
            
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dynamic environment typified by harsh growing conditions. These 
32
dynamic environment typified by harsh growing conditions. These 
            
33
ecosystems are known as biogeomorphic landscapes because their 
33
ecosystems are known as biogeomorphic landscapes because their 
            
34
functioning depends on biophysical interactions by which organisms 
34
functioning depends on biophysical interactions by which organisms 
            
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engineer landforms to their own benefit. The strength of such 
35
engineer landforms to their own benefit. The strength of such 
            
36
biogeomorphic feedbacks depends on plant traits, such as stem 
36
biogeomorphic feedbacks depends on plant traits, such as stem 
            
37
flexibility and shoot density. \n2.\tRecent work demonstrated that 
37
flexibility and shoot density. \n2.\tRecent work demonstrated that 
            
38
dune grasses with similar morphological traits can build contrasting 
38
dune grasses with similar morphological traits can build contrasting 
            
39
landscapes due to differences in their spatial shoot organization. 
39
landscapes due to differences in their spatial shoot organization. 
            
40
However, in contrast to dune grasses that trap and stabilize sand 
40
However, in contrast to dune grasses that trap and stabilize sand 
            
41
particles in aeolian landscapes, flow attenuation in aquatic 
41
particles in aeolian landscapes, flow attenuation in aquatic 
            
42
environments can generate scouring around plant stems and cause 
42
environments can generate scouring around plant stems and cause 
            
43
uprooting, leading to establishment thresholds for young 
43
uprooting, leading to establishment thresholds for young 
            
44
plants.\n3.\tYet, it remains unknown how findings from aeolian 
44
plants.\n3.\tYet, it remains unknown how findings from aeolian 
            
45
landscapes translate to aquatic systems and how young clonally 
45
landscapes translate to aquatic systems and how young clonally 
            
46
expanding plants in hydrodynamically exposed conditions overcome these 
46
expanding plants in hydrodynamically exposed conditions overcome these 
            
47
establishment thresholds by optimizing shoot placement. \n4.\tHere, we 
47
establishment thresholds by optimizing shoot placement. \n4.\tHere, we 
            
48
measured shoot patterns of 90 establishing cordgrass patches (Spartina 
48
measured shoot patterns of 90 establishing cordgrass patches (Spartina 
            
49
anglica) at 18 European field sites that cover a broad range of 
49
anglica) at 18 European field sites that cover a broad range of 
            
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hydrodynamic conditions. Next, we carried out a field experiment to 
50
hydrodynamic conditions. Next, we carried out a field experiment to 
            
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investigate how observed spatial shoot patterns affect plant-sediment 
51
investigate how observed spatial shoot patterns affect plant-sediment 
            
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feedbacks. \n5.\tSurprisingly, field survey analyses reveal highly 
52
feedbacks. \n5.\tSurprisingly, field survey analyses reveal highly 
            
53
consistent clustered shoot patterns, regardless of environmental 
53
consistent clustered shoot patterns, regardless of environmental 
            
54
conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that this clustered 
54
conditions. Experimental results demonstrate that this clustered 
            
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pattern minimizes scouring compared to densely clumped organizations 
55
pattern minimizes scouring compared to densely clumped organizations 
            
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typically observed in established patches.\n6.\tSynthesis. In contrast 
56
typically observed in established patches.\n6.\tSynthesis. In contrast 
            
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to earlier findings highlighting that establishing dune grasses 
57
to earlier findings highlighting that establishing dune grasses 
            
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optimize their landscape engineering capacity via a flexible shoot 
58
optimize their landscape engineering capacity via a flexible shoot 
            
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placement strategy, we find that cordgrass instead follows a fixed 
59
placement strategy, we find that cordgrass instead follows a fixed 
            
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strategy that minimizes engineering effects in its early life stages. 
60
strategy that minimizes engineering effects in its early life stages. 
            
61
We suggest that marsh grasses avoid physical stress and associated 
61
We suggest that marsh grasses avoid physical stress and associated 
            
62
establishment thresholds in their early life stage, and switch to an 
62
establishment thresholds in their early life stage, and switch to an 
            
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ecosystem engineering strategy once established. These findings shed 
63
ecosystem engineering strategy once established. These findings shed 
            
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new light on how plant traits interact with their environment to shape 
64
new light on how plant traits interact with their environment to shape 
            
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the landscape and pave the way for improved restoration designs by 
65
the landscape and pave the way for improved restoration designs by 
            
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mimicking the natural shoot organization of establishing vegetation.",
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mimicking the natural shoot organization of establishing vegetation.",
            
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Clonal expansion strategy  Shoot organisation  Establishm",
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expansion strategy  Shoot organisation  Establishm",
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expansion strategy Shoot organisation  Establishme",
            
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shoots to avoid ecosystem engineering",
            
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