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  "code": "7b.b.vd",
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  "code": "7b.b.vd",
            
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  "contributor": "NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research",
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  "contributor": "NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research",
            
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ine\",\"lastname\":\"Haalboom\",\"orcid\":null,\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
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ine\",\"lastname\":\"Haalboom\",\"orcid\":null,\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
            
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
            
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ntactemailaddress\":\"sabine.haalboom@nioz.nl\",\"formatted\":\"Sabine 
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ntactemailaddress\":\"sabine.haalboom@nioz.nl\",\"formatted\":\"Sabine 
            
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Haalboom - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID:  - 
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Haalboom - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID:  - 
            
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Corresponding Author - 
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Corresponding Author - 
            
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sabine.haalboom@nioz.nl\"},{\"firstname\":\"Henko\",\"lastname\":\"de 
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sabine.haalboom@nioz.nl\"},{\"firstname\":\"Henko\",\"lastname\":\"de 
            
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Stigter\",\"orcid\":null,\"affiliation\":\"Royal Netherlands Institute 
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Stigter\",\"orcid\":null,\"affiliation\":\"Royal Netherlands Institute 
            
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for Sea 
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for Sea 
            
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ondingauthor\":null,\"contactemailaddress\":null,\"formatted\":\"Henko 
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ondingauthor\":null,\"contactemailaddress\":null,\"formatted\":\"Henko 
            
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de Stigter - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
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de Stigter - Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research - ORCID: 
            
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istian\",\"lastname\":\"Mohn\",\"orcid\":null,\"affiliation\":\"Aarhus 
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istian\",\"lastname\":\"Mohn\",\"orcid\":null,\"affiliation\":\"Aarhus 
            
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sity\",\"iscorrespondingauthor\":null,\"contactemailaddress\":null}]",
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sity\",\"iscorrespondingauthor\":null,\"contactemailaddress\":null}]",
            
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  "dataset_persistent_id": "DOI:10.33591/nioz/7b.b.vd",
            
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  "dates": "[{\"datefrom\":\"2018-08-06 
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  "dates": "[{\"datefrom\":\"2018-08-06 
            
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  "deposit_date": "2022-12-13",
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  "deposit_date": "2022-12-13",
            
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  "depositor": "Sabine Haalboom",
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  "depositor": "Sabine Haalboom",
            
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  "distribution_date": "2022-12-13",
            
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
            
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Institute for Sea Research)",
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Institute for Sea Research)",
            
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  "doi_date_published": "2022-12-13",
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  "doi_date_published": "2022-12-13",
            
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  "name": "7bbvd",
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  "name": "7bbvd",
            
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  "notes": "In this study different experimental designs for 
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  "notes": "In this study different experimental designs for 
            
40
monitoring of sediment plumes produced by deep-sea mining are 
40
monitoring of sediment plumes produced by deep-sea mining are 
            
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presented. Plumes of sediment stirred up from the seabed by mining 
41
presented. Plumes of sediment stirred up from the seabed by mining 
            
42
machines are considered to represent a major environmental pressure 
42
machines are considered to represent a major environmental pressure 
            
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which may extend far beyond the actual mining area. Two industry field 
43
which may extend far beyond the actual mining area. Two industry field 
            
44
tests with the scaled mining vehicle Apollo II of Royal IHC conducted 
44
tests with the scaled mining vehicle Apollo II of Royal IHC conducted 
            
45
in a relatively shallow setting offshore southern Spain provided 
45
in a relatively shallow setting offshore southern Spain provided 
            
46
valuable insights for anticipated monitoring of nodule mining 
46
valuable insights for anticipated monitoring of nodule mining 
            
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activities in the deep Pacific. Although the tests were performed in 
47
activities in the deep Pacific. Although the tests were performed in 
            
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only 300 m water depth, much less than the depth where future deep-sea 
48
only 300 m water depth, much less than the depth where future deep-sea 
            
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mining will take place, the weakly stratified bottom water, 
49
mining will take place, the weakly stratified bottom water, 
            
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tide-dominated near-bed currents with mean magnitude of around 5-10 cm 
50
tide-dominated near-bed currents with mean magnitude of around 5-10 cm 
            
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s-1, and gently sloping seabed covered with fine muddy sediment 
51
s-1, and gently sloping seabed covered with fine muddy sediment 
            
52
provide a good analogue to operational conditions in the deep sea. The 
52
provide a good analogue to operational conditions in the deep sea. The 
            
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plume of suspended sediment mobilised by the mining vehicle was 
53
plume of suspended sediment mobilised by the mining vehicle was 
            
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monitored with turbidity sensors deployed on a ship-operated CTD 
54
monitored with turbidity sensors deployed on a ship-operated CTD 
            
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system and on a static array of moored sensors and monitored visually 
55
system and on a static array of moored sensors and monitored visually 
            
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using a ship-operated ROV. It was found that the generated sediment 
56
using a ship-operated ROV. It was found that the generated sediment 
            
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plume extended not more than 2 m above the seabed close to the source 
57
plume extended not more than 2 m above the seabed close to the source 
            
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(<100 m) but increased in height at greater distance. Furthermore, 
58
(<100 m) but increased in height at greater distance. Furthermore, 
            
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turbidity values decreased rapidly with increasing distance to the 
59
turbidity values decreased rapidly with increasing distance to the 
            
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source. Even though plume monitoring suffered interference from bottom 
60
source. Even though plume monitoring suffered interference from bottom 
            
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trawling activities in neighbouring areas, a distinct turbidity signal 
61
trawling activities in neighbouring areas, a distinct turbidity signal 
            
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generated by the mining equipment could still be distinguished above 
62
generated by the mining equipment could still be distinguished above 
            
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background turbidity at 350 m away from the source. From the 
63
background turbidity at 350 m away from the source. From the 
            
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experience gained in shallow water, recommendations are made on how a 
64
experience gained in shallow water, recommendations are made on how a 
            
65
combination of sensors operated from moving and moored platforms may 
65
combination of sensors operated from moving and moored platforms may 
            
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be a suitable and successful strategy for monitoring man-made sediment 
66
be a suitable and successful strategy for monitoring man-made sediment 
            
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plumes in the deep sea.",
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    {
            
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      "display_name": "Turbidity",
188
      "display_name": "Turbidity",
            
167
      "id": "97c7ed33-17ca-49c3-a5dc-599cf115b83e",
189
      "id": "97c7ed33-17ca-49c3-a5dc-599cf115b83e",
            
168
      "name": "Turbidity",
190
      "name": "Turbidity",
            
169
      "state": "active",
191
      "state": "active",
            
170
      "vocabulary_id": null
192
      "vocabulary_id": null
            
171
    }
193
    }
            
172
  ],
194
  ],
            
173
  "title": "Monitoring of a sediment plume produced by a deep-sea 
195
  "title": "Monitoring of a sediment plume produced by a deep-sea 
            
174
mining test in shallow water, M\u00e1laga Bight, Alboran Sea 
196
mining test in shallow water, M\u00e1laga Bight, Alboran Sea 
            
175
(southwestern Mediterranean Sea) - Dataset 2018",
197
(southwestern Mediterranean Sea) - Dataset 2018",
            
176
  "type": "dataset",
198
  "type": "dataset",
            
177
  "url": "https://dataportal.nioz.nl/doi/10.33591/nioz/7b.b.vd",
199
  "url": "https://dataportal.nioz.nl/doi/10.33591/nioz/7b.b.vd",
            
178
  "version": "1"
200
  "version": "1"
            
179
}
201
}