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  "code": "7b.b.6g",
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  "code": "7b.b.6g",
            
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  "contributor": "NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research",
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  "contributor": "NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research",
            
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  "creators": 
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  "creators": 
            
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id\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-4512\",\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
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id\":\"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-4512\",\"affiliation\":\"Royal 
            
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
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Netherlands Institute for Sea 
            
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gauthor\":true,\"contactemailaddress\":\"carlijn.lammers@nioz.nl\"}]",
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gauthor\":true,\"contactemailaddress\":\"carlijn.lammers@nioz.nl\"}]",
            
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  "deposit_date": "2024-02-12",
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  "deposit_date": "2024-02-12",
            
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  "depositor": "Carlijn Lammers",
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  "depositor": "Carlijn Lammers",
            
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  "distribution_date": "2024-02-12",
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  "distribution_date": "2024-02-12",
            
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
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  "distributor": "Research Data Management(NIOZ Royal Netherlands 
            
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Institute for Sea Research)",
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Institute for Sea Research)",
            
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  "doi_date_published": "2024-04-11",
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  "doi_date_published": "2024-04-11",
            
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  "funding_references": 
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\"awardnumber\":\"Vidi-16588\",\"awardtitle\":null,\"formatted\":\"NWO 
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- Vidi-16588 -\"},{\"name\":\"NWO\",\"awardnumber\":\"Veni- 
            
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VI.212.059.\",\"awardtitle\":null}]",
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VI.212.059.\",\"awardtitle\":null}]",
            
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  "name": "7bb6g",
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  "name": "7bb6g",
            
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  "notes": "Ecosystem engineers are often suggested to drive early 
33
  "notes": "Ecosystem engineers are often suggested to drive early 
            
34
vegetation succession by modifying environmental conditions. Along the 
34
vegetation succession by modifying environmental conditions. Along the 
            
35
Northwestern European coast, dune formation is classically believed to 
35
Northwestern European coast, dune formation is classically believed to 
            
36
start with sand couch (Elytrigia juncea), followed by marram grass 
36
start with sand couch (Elytrigia juncea), followed by marram grass 
            
37
(Ammophila arenaria) once sufficiently large dunes have formed. 
37
(Ammophila arenaria) once sufficiently large dunes have formed. 
            
38
However, these ideas lack experimental validation, leaving the 
38
However, these ideas lack experimental validation, leaving the 
            
39
specific relationship between sand couch, the landscape they form, and 
39
specific relationship between sand couch, the landscape they form, and 
            
40
marram grass establishment unknown. Here, we experimentally 
40
marram grass establishment unknown. Here, we experimentally 
            
41
investigated this relationship by planting 975 young marram grass 
41
investigated this relationship by planting 975 young marram grass 
            
42
plants in two distinct, sand couch dominated, embryonic dune systems. 
42
plants in two distinct, sand couch dominated, embryonic dune systems. 
            
43
Using structural equation models, we examined the effect of sand couch 
43
Using structural equation models, we examined the effect of sand couch 
            
44
and its landscape attributes (elevation, distance to sea and elevation 
44
and its landscape attributes (elevation, distance to sea and elevation 
            
45
change) on marram grass establishment. Results show an indirect 
45
change) on marram grass establishment. Results show an indirect 
            
46
negative effect of sand couch via landscape modifications on survival 
46
negative effect of sand couch via landscape modifications on survival 
            
47
of establishing marram grass. Specifically, sand couch elevated the 
47
of establishing marram grass. Specifically, sand couch elevated the 
            
48
environment and elevated areas in turn eroded more in winter, which 
48
environment and elevated areas in turn eroded more in winter, which 
            
49
was the key factor reducing marram grass survival. Moreover, we 
49
was the key factor reducing marram grass survival. Moreover, we 
            
50
observed the highest survival in the lower areas surrounded by sand 
50
observed the highest survival in the lower areas surrounded by sand 
            
51
couch dunes. While the indirect negative effect of sand couch through 
51
couch dunes. While the indirect negative effect of sand couch through 
            
52
elevation was independent of location, the direct effects of sand 
52
elevation was independent of location, the direct effects of sand 
            
53
couch on survival (i.e., neutral in exposed and positive in sheltered 
53
couch on survival (i.e., neutral in exposed and positive in sheltered 
            
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conditions) and growth (i.e., negative in exposed and neutral in 
54
conditions) and growth (i.e., negative in exposed and neutral in 
            
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sheltered conditions) were location and thus context dependent. 
55
sheltered conditions) were location and thus context dependent. 
            
56
Contrary to the idea that created elevation is a prerequisite, we 
56
Contrary to the idea that created elevation is a prerequisite, we 
            
57
hypothesize that dune formation by sand couch benefits marram grass 
57
hypothesize that dune formation by sand couch benefits marram grass 
            
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establishment by creating relatively low-lying, stable and sheltered 
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establishment by creating relatively low-lying, stable and sheltered 
            
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    {
            
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      "display_name": "Marram grass",
188
      "display_name": "Marram grass",
            
167
      "id": "1fd07c4f-4e8b-4c0a-859c-5010323ddbf9",
189
      "id": "1fd07c4f-4e8b-4c0a-859c-5010323ddbf9",
            
168
      "name": "Marram grass",
190
      "name": "Marram grass",
            
169
      "state": "active",
191
      "state": "active",
            
170
      "vocabulary_id": null
192
      "vocabulary_id": null
            
171
    },
193
    },
            
172
    {
194
    {
            
173
      "display_name": "Sand couch",
195
      "display_name": "Sand couch",
            
174
      "id": "944e5c9f-05c6-478a-afdf-f796de836d94",
196
      "id": "944e5c9f-05c6-478a-afdf-f796de836d94",
            
175
      "name": "Sand couch",
197
      "name": "Sand couch",
            
176
      "state": "active",
198
      "state": "active",
            
177
      "vocabulary_id": null
199
      "vocabulary_id": null
            
178
    },
200
    },
            
179
    {
201
    {
            
180
      "display_name": "Structural equation modelling",
202
      "display_name": "Structural equation modelling",
            
181
      "id": "88f0fa48-a8df-4435-964a-264edae33a26",
203
      "id": "88f0fa48-a8df-4435-964a-264edae33a26",
            
182
      "name": "Structural equation modelling",
204
      "name": "Structural equation modelling",
            
183
      "state": "active",
205
      "state": "active",
            
184
      "vocabulary_id": null
206
      "vocabulary_id": null
            
185
    }
207
    }
            
186
  ],
208
  ],
            
187
  "title": "Interspecific interactions between dune grasses: landscape 
209
  "title": "Interspecific interactions between dune grasses: landscape 
            
188
formation by sand couch negatively affects marram grass\u2019 
210
formation by sand couch negatively affects marram grass\u2019 
            
189
establishment",
211
establishment",
            
190
  "type": "dataset",
212
  "type": "dataset",
            
191
  "url": "https://dataportal.nioz.nl/doi/10.25850/nioz/7b.b.6g",
213
  "url": "https://dataportal.nioz.nl/doi/10.25850/nioz/7b.b.6g",
            
192
  "version": "1"
214
  "version": "1"
            
193
}
215
}